Axisymmetric bifurcation analysis in soils by the tangential-subloading surface model

This article discusses localized bifurcation modes corresponding to shear band formation and diffuse bifurcation modes corresponding to bulge formation for cylindrical soil specimen subjected to an axisymmetric load under undrained conditions. We employ the tangential-subloading surface model, which exhibits the characteristic regimes of the governing equations: elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic. Also, conditions for shear band formation, shear band inclination, diffuse bulging formation, and the long and short wavelength limits of diffuse bulging modes are discussed in relation to material properties and their state of stress, i.e. the stress ratio and the normal-yield ratio. Tangential-plastic strain rate term is required for the analyses of shear band and diffuse bulging. The shear band and the diffuse bulging are generated in not only normal-yield but also subyield states and they are severely affected by the normal-yield ratio describing the degree of approach to the normal-yield state.     

几种酰胺类化合物作为添加剂对钢—钢和钢—铝摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机和SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察了 4种酰胺化合物对钢 -钢和钢 -铝摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响 ,用X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)分析了丙烯酰胺润滑下铝合金磨斑表面元素的化学状态 .结果表明 :对钢 -钢摩擦副 ,酰胺类化合物表现出一定的抗磨减摩作用 ,对钢 -铝摩擦副 ,丙烯酰胺和乙酰胺表现出良好的抗磨减摩性能 .XPS分析结果显示 ,铝合金磨斑表面存在 3种价态的氮的化合物及 2种价态的铝 ,表明其磨损表面生成了复杂的反应膜     

聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦性能及其机理研究

研究了含有固体润滑剂的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑 2种状态下的摩擦磨损性能及其磨损机理 .结果表明 ,在水润滑条件下 ,摩擦系数和磨损率都有不同程度的降低 ,其中含 PTFE的炭纤维增强 PI复合材料的耐磨性最佳 ,最低磨损率为 9.9× 10 - 7mm3/ N· m.其主要原因可能与材料存在极性酰胺基团有关 ,酰胺基易通过氢键与水分子结合 ,在摩擦表面形成水吸附膜 ,使摩擦表面直接接触减少 ,从而改善材料的摩擦磨损性能     

Gradient single-crystal plasticity with free energy dependent on dislocation densities

This study develops a small-deformation theory of strain-gradient plasticity for single crystals. The theory is based on: (i) a kinematical notion of a continuous distribution of edge and screw dislocations; (ii) a system of microscopic stresses consistent with a system of microscopic force balances, one balance for each slip system; (iii) a mechanical version of the second law that includes, via the microscopic stresses, work performed during viscoplastic flow; and (iv) a constitutive theory that allows:

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the free energy to depend on densities of edge and screw dislocations and hence on gradients of (plastic) slip;

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the microscopic stresses to depend on slip-rate gradients.

The microscopic force balances when augmented by constitutive relations for the microscopic stresses results in a system of nonlocal flow rules in the form of second-order partial differential equations for the slips. When the free energy depends on the dislocation densities the microscopic stresses are partially energetic, and this, in turn, leads to backstresses in the flow rules; on the other hand, a dependence of these stresses on slip-rate gradients leads to a strengthening. The flow rules, being nonlocal, require microscopic boundary conditions; as an aid to numerical solutions a weak (virtual power) formulation of the flow rule is derived.     

爆炸荷载下矩形板的塑性动力响应

本文采用Jones-Sawczuk控制方程,导出了脉冲荷载下矩形板最大残余挠度的简单理论计算公式,并应用该公式和动态屈服条件,计算了固支方板在爆炸荷载下的最大残余挠度值,与试验结果比较,取得了令人满意的结果。     

利用修正低雷诺数k—ε模型对管道分离流动的数值研究

采用适合于分离流的修正低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型对突扩园管中的流动进行了数值研究，重点是对近壁流动和再附着点附近流动的研究。从理论上证明了所采用的湍流模型既满足近壁渐进行为，又避免了在通过再附着点截面上μｔ恒为０的困难。和已有的实验数据比较表明，所采用的模型对再附点位置及其附近的流动预测能力优于普通低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型。     

石墨对铜基自润滑材料高温摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过基体多元合金化和选用不同粒度的石墨颗粒,采用常规粉末冶金方法制备了铜基石墨固体自润滑材料,在大越式OAT-U型摩擦磨损试验机上考察了复合材料从室温到500℃温度条件下的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌,进而探讨其摩擦磨损机理.结果表明:在室温条件下,石墨颗粒越小,则复合材料的摩擦系数越小,减摩自润滑效果越好;在室温至500℃条件下,选用合适的石墨粒度(0.3～0.5mm)和多元基体合金化,可使铜基石墨固体自润滑材料保持较好的自润滑特性.     

拉压性能不同材料全量型本构关系及厚壁筒的应力分析

将经典全量理论作了推广，考虑了应力状态及塑性体积变形对拉压性能不同材料的塑性行为的影响。应用该本构模型分别计算了厚壁筒在内压和外压作用下的应力分布。给出了径向应力、环向应力和轴向应力沿壁厚的分布图。将本文的计算解与拉压性能相同(不考虑体积变形、强化曲线唯一)的幂函数强化材料的厚壁筒的理论解进行了比较。结果表明，材料的拉压性能不同对厚壁筒的环向应力和轴向应力影响较大。因此，对于拉压性能不同材料，考虑到其对应力状态及塑性体积变形敏感时，是不能将其简化成拉压性能相同、体积不可压缩、强化曲线唯一的理想材料。